Aromatherapy for Common Ailments or Written on the Body

Aromatherapy for Common Ailments

Author: Shirley Pric

Aromatherapy oils have been used since ancient times to cleanse the body, strengthen the immune system, and release tension. Extracted from the petals, leaves, roots, and resins of plants, these essential oils can provide a lovely and effective scented therapy used in massage, baths, compresses, inhalations, room fresheners, shampoos, and body lotions.

With step-by-step instructions and beautiful color photographs, Aromatherapy for Common Ailments shows how to apply twelve of the most versatile essential oils to treat more than forty common health problems, including:

• Headaches

• Colds and flu

• Varicose veins

• Menstrual pain

• Insomnia

• High blood pressure

• Indigestion

• Hair loss

• Acne

• Fatigue An ideal companion volume to Massage for Common Ailments and Yoga for Common Ailments, this first-of-its-kind guide shows how easy and delightful it is to treat yourself to the art of natural healing and relaxation.

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Written on the Body: The Tattoo in European and American History

Author: Jane Caplan

Despite the social sciences' growing fascination with tattooing--and the immense popularity of tattoos themselves--the practice has not left much of a historical record. And, until very recently, there was no good context for writing a serious history of tattooing in the West. This collection exposes, for the first time, the richness of the tattoo's European and American history from antiquity to the present day. In the process, it rescues tattoos from their stereotypical and sensationalized association with criminality.

The tattoo has long hovered in a space between the cosmetic and the punitive. Throughout its history, the status of the tattoo has been complicated by its dual association with slavery and penal practices on the one hand and exotic or forbidden sexuality on the other. The tattoo appears often as an involuntary stigma, sometimes as a self-imposed marker of identity, and occasionally as a beautiful corporal decoration.

This volume analyzes the tattoo's fluctuating, often uncomfortable position from multiple angles. Individual chapters explore fascinating segments of its history--from the metaphorical meanings of tattooing in Celtic society to the class-related commodification of the body in Victorian Britain, from tattooed entertainers in Germany to tattooing and piercing as self-expression in the contemporary United States. But they also accumulate to form an expansive, textured view of permanent bodily modification in the West.

By combining empirical history, powerful cultural analysis, and a highly readable style, this volume both draws on and propels the ongoing effort to write a meaningful cultural history of the body. The contributors, representing severaldisciplines, have all conducted extensive original research into the Western tattoo. Together, they have produced an unrivalled account of its history. They are, in addition to the editor, Clare Anderson, Susan Benson, James Bradley, Ian Duffield, Juliet Fleming, Alan Govenar, Harriet Guest, Mark Gustafson, C. P. Jones, Charles MacQuarrie, Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, Stephan Oettermann, Jennipher A. Rosecrans, and Abby Schrader.

Table of Contents:

Notes on the Editor and Contributors vii
Introduction JANE CAPLAN xi
1 Stigma and Tattoo C. P. JONES 1
2 The Tattoo in the Later Roman Empire and Beyond MARK GUSTAFSON 17
3 Insular Celtic Tattooing: History, Myth and Metaphor CHARLES W. MACQUARRIE 32
4 Wearing the Universe: Symbolic Markings in Early Modern England JENNIPHER ALLEN ROSECRANS 46
5 The Renaissance Tattoo JULIET FLEMING 61
6 Curiously Marked: Tattooing and Gender Difference in Eighteenth-century British Perceptions of the South Pacific HARRIET GUEST 83
7 Godna: Inscribing Indian Convicts in the Nineteenth Century CLARE ANDERSON 102
8 Skin Deep Devotions: Religious Tattoos and Convict Transportation to Australia HAMISH MAXWELL-STEWART AND IAN DUFFIELD 118
9 Body Commodification? Class and Tattoos in Victorian Britain JAMES BRADLEY 136
10 'National Tattooing': Traditions of Tattooing in Nineteenth-century
Europe JANE CAPLAN 156
11 Branding the Other/Tattooing the Self: Bodily Inscription among Convicts in Russia and the Soviet Union ABBY M. SCHRADER 174
12 On Display: Tattooed Entertainers in America and Germany STEPHAN OETTERMANN 193
13 The Changing Image of Tattooing in American Culture, 1846-1966 ALAN GOVENAR 212
14 Inscriptions of the Self: Reflections on Tattooing and Piercing in Contemporary Euro-America SUSAN BENSON 234
References 255
Select Bibliography 302
Acknowledgements 306
Photographic Acknowledgements 307
Index 308